Preparing for adulthood: Key Stage 4 (age 14 to 16)
Choosing Key Stage 4 options is important for young people with Special Educational Needs or Disabilities (SEND), as it allows them to focus on their strengths and interests. Alongside traditional subjects, alternative qualifications—such as BTECs, vocational courses, or life skills programs can offer more practical, accessible pathways. The right choices help build confidence, develop key skills, and prepare students for further education, training, employment, or independent living.
Choosing subjects for GCSEs
At the start of Year 9, young people begin considering their subject choices for Years 10 and 11. Some subjects are compulsory at GCSE level, including:
- English
- Mathematics
- Science
- Physical Education (PE, though this may not be examined)
- Religious Education (in faith schools)
Beyond these, students can select from optional subjects, which typically fall into the following categories:
- Arts (e.g art and design, music, drama, media studies)
- Design & Technology
- Humanities (e.g history, geography)
- Modern Foreign Languages (e.g French, German, Spanish)
Alternative qualifications
GCSEs are not the only option for Years 10 and 11. Please note that not all schools offer these options.
- Entry-level qualifications: Vocational and life skills with practical assessments.
- Functional skills qualifications: Practical English, maths, and ICT skills.
- BTECs: Work-related courses that prepare students for employment or further study.
Exam Support for Special Educational Needs or disabilities (SEND)
If a young person has special educational needs or disabilities, they may be eligible for access arrangements such as:
- Extra time
- A reader or scribe
- Assistive technology (e.g., screen reader/voice recognition)
- Alternative formats (e.g coloured or large print exam papers)
- Supervised rest breaks
- A separate exam room
What happens after Year 11
After Year 11, young people must continue in education or training until at least their 18th birthday.
Helping young people make decisions
Parents can support their child’s decision-making by:
- Attending school options evening
- Encouraging discussions with careers advisers and teachers
- Exploring future career interests together
You can also visit the following websites for more information:
GOV.UK website provides details of courses and qualifications for 14 to 19 year olds across the country.
BBC Bitesize have a range of information and helpful videos.
Call the National Careers Service helpline for information and advice about jobs, careers and training.